They can also be constructed using vacuum tubes, electromagnetic relays with relay logic, fluidic logic, pneumatic logic, optics, molecules, or even mechanical elements. Today, most logic gates are made from MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors).
In the real world, the primary way of building logic gates uses diodes or transistors acting as electronic switches. MOSFETs are the most common way to make logic gates.Ī logic gate is an idealized or physical device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output.ĭepending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has, for instance, zero rise time and unlimited fan-out, or it may refer to a non-ideal physical device (see ideal and real op-amps for comparison).
CMOS diagram of a NOT gate, also known as an inverter.
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